反义疑问句的句子结构

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反义疑问句的句子结构

反义疑问句的句子结构
反义疑问句的句子结构

反义疑问句的句子结构
句型解释The Disjunctive Question
  1.陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式 可记为 前肯后否
  2.陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式 可记为 前否后肯
  They work hard, don’t they?
  She was ill yesterday, wasn’t she?
  You didn’t go, did you?
  He can’t ride a bike, can he?
  He is a student,isn't he?
主语
一般词语
  附加疑问句中主语 用和主语一致的主语,用主格.
不定代词
  当陈述部分的主语是
  ( 1 )用one 时,后面的疑问句可用one/he.
  (2)everything,anything,nothing,something时, 附加疑问句中主语用it 不用 they
  (3)this,that,或those,these时,附加疑问句中主语用it和they.
  (4)everyone,everybody,someone,somebody等,附加疑问句中主语一般用he/they.
  (5)不定式,动名词,其他短语,附加疑问句中主语一般用it.
  (6)在there be句型中,附加疑问句中主语一般用be/情态动词/助动词+there.
特殊句型
  否定意义的词
  (1)当陈述部分有never,seldom, hardly,few,little,barely, scarcely, nothing 等否定意义的词时,后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式:
  There are few apples in the basket, are there?
  He can hardly swim, can he?
  They seldom come late, do they?
  (2)当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是unhappy,dislike,unfriendly等含有否定词缀的派生词,也就是有un-前缀、-less后缀等含有词缀而意思否定的词,当做肯定句处理,疑问部分要用否定形式.如:
  He looks unhappy,doesn't he?他看上去不高兴,不是吗?
  The girl dislikes history,doesn't she?这女孩不喜欢历史,不是吗?
表示主语主观意愿的词
  含有think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时,视情况不同有两种不同的构成方式.
  (1.)当主句的主语为第一人称时,其后的简短问句应与从句相一致.例如:
  I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he?
  We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?
  值得注意的是,当这些动词后接的宾语从句的否定转移到主句时,其仍属否定句,故其后的简短问句应用肯定式,而非否定式.例如:
  I don't believe that he can translate this book, can he?
  Wedon't imagine the twins have arrived, have they?
  此类句子的回答同"前否后肯"型反意疑问句一样,如上述后一个句子,若双胞胎已经到了,则回答为"Yes, they have.";若尚未到达,使用"No, they haven't.".
  (2).当主句的主语为第二、三人称时,其后的简短问句则应与主句相一致(此时,否定只看主句,与从句无关...).例如:
  Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?
  You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you?
  They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?
  She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she?
  (3)但如果主句的时态是过去时等等,疑问句应和主句的人称时态保持一致.
had better或have
  陈述部分有had better,或其中的have表示完成时态时,疑问句应用hadn’t等开头:
  You’d better get up early, hadn’t you?
  其他情况句中有have时疑问句应用don't等开头
  如have表示“有”的时候,有两种形式:
  -He has two sisters,doesn't he?
  -He doesn't have any sisters,does he?
祈使句
  当陈述部分是祈使句时,疑问句要根据语气来表达
  当开头是Let‘s时,一定要用shall we.其余都用will you(包括 Let us)不论肯定否定
   Let’s go out for a walk, shall we?
  Let us go out for a walk, will you?
  Let me help you,may I?
  Turn on the radio, will you?
There be句型
  There be 句型中,反义疑问部分必须为be 动词 + there
   There are some apples in the basket, aren't there?
  There isn't any milk left, is there?
must
  .当陈述部分有情态动词must,问句有4种情况:
  (1)mustn't表示“禁止,不可,不必”时,附加问句通常要用must.
  You mustn't stop your car here,must you?
  你不能把车停在这地方,知道吗?
  (2)must表示“有必要”时,附加问句通常要用needn't.
  They must finish the work today,needn't they?
  他们今天要完成这项工作,是吗?
  (3)当must用来表示对现在的情况进行推测时,问句通常要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式.
  He must be good at English,isn't he?
  他英语一定学得很好,是吗?
  (4)当must+have done表示对过去的情况进行推测(一般句中有明确的过去时间状语),问句要根据陈述部分谓语的情况用“didn't+主语”或“wasn't/weren't+主语”;如果强调动作的完成(一般没有明确的过去时间状语),问句要用“haven't/hasn't+主语”.
  She must have read the novel last week,didn't she?
  她上星期一定读了这本小说,是吗?
  You must have told her about it,haven't you?
  你一定把这事告诉她了,是吗?
回答
  反意疑问句的回答用yes, no, 但是,回答意思相反,当陈述部分是否定形式时,回答要按事实.如:
  They don’t work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作,是吗?
  Yes, they do. 不,他们工作努力./No, they don’t. 对, 他们工作不努力
肯定反意疑问句的回答
  当陈述部分为否定式,反意疑问句为肯定式时,其回答往往与汉语不一致,需特别引起注意:
  "It isn’t cheap, is it?" "Yes, it is." “它不便宜吧?”“不,很便宜.”
  "He doesn’t love her, does he?" "No, he doesn’t."“他不爱她,是吗?”“是的,他不爱她.”
  此时,"Yes"即不,对前面"It isn't cheap."的否定.
否定反意疑问句的回答
  当陈述部分为肯定式,反意疑问句为否定式时,其回答一般不会造成困难,一般只需照情况回答即可:
  "It’s new, isn’t it?" "Yes, it is." “是新的,对吗?”“对,是新的.”
  "He wants to go, doesn’t he?" "No, he doesn’t." “他想去,对吗?”“不,他不想去.”
  此时,"No"即是,对前面"It's new."的肯定.
回答反意疑问句的原则
  回答反意疑问句通常应根据实际情况来确定,如有人问你You are asleep, aren’t you? 你应回答No, I’m not. 因为既然你能回答,肯定你还没有asleep.但如果别人问你 You aren’t asleep, are you?(你还没有睡着,对吗),你也只能回答No, I’m not.(是的,还没有睡着),而不能回答为Yes, I’m not. 也不能回答成 Yes, I am.
  “It is a beautiful flower,isn't it?” “It isn't a beautiful flower,is it?”
  上述两句句子的回答肯定均为“Yes,it is."否定为“No,it isn't."
  由上述例子可知,反义疑问句回答与句子本身所包含的中文肯定与否的含义并无太大关联,只需注意事实,肯定即用yes,否定用no,无需考虑句子原本是前否后肯或是前肯后否.
重点归纳
  快速记忆表
  陈述部分的谓语 疑问部分 
  I aren't I 
  Wish may +主语 
  no,nothing,nobody,never, 
  few, seldom, hardly, 肯定含义
  rarely, little等否定
  含义的词 
  ought to(肯定的) 
  shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语
  have to+v.(had to+v.) 
  don't +主语(didn't +主语)
  used to didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语
  had better + v. hadn't you 
  would rather + v. wouldn't +主语 
  you'd like to + v. wouldn't +主语 
  must 根据实际情况而定 
  感叹句中 be +主语 
  Neither…nor,
  either…or 连接的根 据其实际逻辑意义而定
  并列主语 
  指示代词或不定代词
  everything,that, 主语用it
  nothing,this 
  并列复合句 谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定
  定语从句,宾语从句的
  主从复合句 根据主句的谓语而定 
  think,believe,expect,
  suppose,imagine等引导 与宾语从句相对应的从句 
  everybody,anyone,
  somebody,nobody,no one 复数they, 单数he 
  情态动词dare或need need (dare ) +主语
  dare, need 为实义动词 do +主语 
  省去主语的祈使句 will you?
  Let's 开头的祈使句 Shall we?
  Let us 开头的祈使句 Will you? 
  there be 相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词) 
  否定前缀不能视为否定词 仍用否定形式 
  must表"推测" 根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句

反义疑问句有一个基本规则:前肯后否,前否后肯,也就是说:
肯定陈述句+否定简略问句
否定陈述句+肯定简略问句
如:she is a student, isn't she? She isn't a student, is she?
祈使句一般情况下,肯定的用will you/won't you 都可以, 否定只能用will y...

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反义疑问句有一个基本规则:前肯后否,前否后肯,也就是说:
肯定陈述句+否定简略问句
否定陈述句+肯定简略问句
如:she is a student, isn't she? She isn't a student, is she?
祈使句一般情况下,肯定的用will you/won't you 都可以, 否定只能用will you
如: remember to bring your homework, will you/won't you ?
Don't forget to bring your homework, will you?
Let's 开头的用shall we Let's go to play, shall we?

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一、基本概念及结构:
反义疑问句又叫附加疑问句,是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定,而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的问句。
完成后一部分简短问句时,要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问,前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。
如果前一部分用肯定式,后一部分一般用否定式...

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一、基本概念及结构:
反义疑问句又叫附加疑问句,是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定,而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的问句。
完成后一部分简短问句时,要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问,前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。
如果前一部分用肯定式,后一部分一般用否定式;反之,前一部分为否定式,后一部分要用肯定式,即“前肯定后否定,前否定后肯定”。例如:
You don't like rock music, do you? 你不喜欢摇滚乐,对吧?
二、其他规则:
1、陈述部分用否定词或半否定词 no , nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定形式。例如:
He is never late for school, is he?他上学从不迟到,是吗?
2、述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn’t +主语。例如:
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he? 他过去常常在那儿拍照,是吗?
You used to sleep with the windows open, usedn’t/ didn’t you?
3、陈述部分为祈使句,祈使句后加附加问句,不表示反意,而表示一种语气。其结构为:
否定祈使句,+ will you?
肯定祈使句+ will / won’t you? 例如:
Don't do that again, will you? 不要再那样做了,好吗?
Go with me, will you / won't you? 跟我走,好吗?
注意:
Let's 开头的祈使句,后用shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you? 例如:
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we? 让我们去听音乐,好吗?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you? 让我们在阅览室等你,好吗?
4、如果陈述句部分的谓语含有带否定前缀dis-, un-, im-或否定后缀-less的词(dislike, discourage,be unfair/ untrue/ unable, etc.),仍按肯定句处理,其反问部分一般用否定式。例如:
It’s unfair, isn’t it?
You dislike it, don't you? 你不喜欢它,是吗?
The patient is unable to move round, isn't he? 这个病人不能到处走,是吗?
5、陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I。例如:
I'm late for the meeting,aren't I? 我开会迟到了,是吗?
6、陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。例如:
Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切都准备好了,是吗?
7、如果陈述部分的主语是不定代词someone(body), anyone(body), everyone(body), no one, nobody 等,由于它们是第三人称单数并且指代人,其反问部分的主语可以是they也可以是泛指第三人称单数的he。例如:
Everyone passed the exam, didn't they / he? 每个人都通过了考试,是吗?
Someone is coming, aren't they / isn't he? 有人来了,是吗?
8、陈述部分是"there be"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。例如:
There's not much news in today's newspaper, is there? 今天的报纸上没有什么新闻,是吗?
9、含有宾语从句的反义疑问句:
当陈述部分带有宾语从句时,疑问部分的主语应与主句的主语保持一致。例如:
He said that he would come to my birthday party, didn’t he?
但当主句是:I think, I believe, I suppose, I except, I imagine等结构时,疑问部分的主语和谓语动词应与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致。例如:
I don’t believe he will succeed, will he
He doesn’t believe he will succeed, does he
10、陈述部分含有must的反义疑问句:
当must作必须讲时,其翻译疑问部分用needn’t;当含有mustn’t(不允许,禁止)时,其反意疑问部分用must/ may。例如:
You must go now, needn’t you?
You mustn’t smoke here, must/may you?
当must/may(might)表示推测,即must作“一定,准是”讲,may/might作“可能”讲时,可首先将句子改为“I am (not)sure that 从句”,反义疑问部分的动词形式根据be (not) sure后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确定。例如:
You must/ may (might) be hungry now, ______? 改为
I am (not) sure that you are hungry, aren’t you?
You must (might) be hungry now, aren’t you?
You must have heard about it, hadn’t you?
11、陈述部分含有ought to的反义疑问句,其反义部分用oughtn’t 或shouldn’t均可。例如:
He ought to attend the lecture, oughtn’t /shouldn’t he?
12、感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语。例如:
What beautiful flowers, aren't they? 多漂亮的花呀,不是吗?
13、陈述部分有You'd like to +v.疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。例如:
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 你想跟我一起去,是吗?
14、陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。例如:
He would rather stay at home than go out, wouldn't he? 他宁愿呆在家也不愿出去,是吗?
15、陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。例如:
I wish to visit America, may I? 我想去美国旅行,行吗?
16、陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。例如:
We have to write it with a pen, don’t we? 我们必须要用钢笔填写,是吗?
17、陈述部分有had better + v.疑问句部分用hadn't you? 例如:
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you? 你最好自己看,好吗?
18、带情态动词dare或need的反义疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。例如:
We need not do it again, need we? 我们不需要重做,是吗?
He dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢如此说,是吗?
当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。例如:
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she? 她不敢独自回家,是吗?
三、反义疑问句的回答:
1、一个句子前后保持一致,要么肯定到底,要么否定到底,不能出现Yes, I don’t和No, I do的形式。例如:
You don't go to school on Sunday, do you? 肯定回答:Yes, I do.否定回答:No, I don't.
2、反义疑问句的回答是根据实际情况来回答的。
不用看汉语如何翻译,只看所提到的事情是否发生。如果发生了,就用肯定回答,否则用否定回答。例如:
对方问你 You aren’t a teacher, are you?或You are a teacher, aren’t you? 你只要听懂you 和teacher两个单词即可,如果你是老师,回答Yes, I am. 否则回答No, I’m not.

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