集合名词怎么用

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集合名词怎么用

集合名词怎么用
集合名词怎么用

集合名词怎么用
集体名词people,cattle,group,family,government,team,police等等
sheep\deer当然是属于集体名词的:)
附:集体名词表示一群人或一类东西的集合体,如audience(听众,观众),committee(委员会),family(家庭),nation(国家),cattle (牛,牲口),police(警察),foliage(叶子),furniture(家具),machin-ery(机器)等.集体名词有的有复数形式并可计数,如a commit-tee,two committees.但也有许多集体名词没有复数形式,不可以计数.例如不可以说* a furniture,* two furniture,也不可以说* a police,* two police.如果要把police,furniture这类的集体名词分成个体,只能说a policeman,two policemen,a piece of furniture,two pieces/artieles of furniture等.
集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题依不同的集体名词而定.可分为下面三种情况:第一,有些集体名词,如police,people,cattle,militia(民兵),poultry(家禽),vermin(害虫)等,通常作复数.例如:
The British police have only very limited powers.
英国警察权力范围极其有限.
Domestic cattle provide us with milk,beef and hide.
畜牛为我们提供牛奶、牛肉和皮张.
The militia were called out to guard the borderland.
召集民兵保卫边疆.
Such vermin as bugs and rats are hard to get rid of.
臭虫和老鼠那样的害虫难以灭绝.
第二,也有一些集体名词,如foliage,machinery,equipment(设备),furniture,merchandise(商品)等,作单数.例如:
The furniture in the room has been made to order.
室内的家具是定做的.
All necessary machinery has been brought to the construction site.
所有必要的机器都已运到工地.
第三类集体名词,如audience,committee,class(班级),crew(全体船员),family,government,public(公众)等,既可作单数,也可作复数.如将集体视为一个整体,动词用单数:
The football team is being reorganized.足球队正在重新组建.
The government has done its best to boost production.
政府已作最大努力来促进生产.
The audience was enormous.听者人数众多.
如将侧重点放在组成集体的成员上,动词用复数:
The team are having baths and are then coming back here for tea.
队员们正在洗澡,随后即将回到这里喝茶.
The government have asked the country to decide by a vote.
政府要求全国投票表决.
The audience are listening to a Beethoven symphony.
听众们正在听贝多芬交响曲.

集合名词分为以下几类,并分别简述其有关用法特点:
第一类
  形式为单数,但意义可以用为单数或复数这类集合名词包括family(家庭Y: 'Times New Roman'">family(,team(队),class(班),audience(听众)等,其用法特点为:若视为整体,表示单数意义;若考虑其个体成员,表示复数意义。比较并体会:His family is large. 他的...

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集合名词分为以下几类,并分别简述其有关用法特点:
第一类
  形式为单数,但意义可以用为单数或复数这类集合名词包括family(家庭Y: 'Times New Roman'">family(,team(队),class(班),audience(听众)等,其用法特点为:若视为整体,表示单数意义;若考虑其个体成员,表示复数意义。比较并体会:His family is large. 他的家是个大家庭。His family are all waiting for him. 他的一家人都在等他。This class consists of 45 pupils. 这个班由45个学生组成。This class are reading English now. 这个班的学生在读英语。   这个班的学生在读英语。
第二类
  形式为单数,但意义永远为复数这类集合名词包括cattle(牛,牲畜)cattle(,people(人),police(警察)等,其用法特点为:只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语用复数;不与 a(n) 连用,但可与the连用(连用)。如:People will laugh at you. 人们会笑你的。The police are looking for him. 警察在找他。Many cattle were killed for this. 就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜。注:表示牲畜的头数,用单位词 head(单复数同形)。如:five head of cattle 5头牛,fifty (head of ) cattle 50头牛
第三类
  形式为复数,意义也为复数这类集合名词包括goods(货物), clothes(衣服)等,其用法特点是:只有复数形式(当然也表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语也用复数),但通常不与数词连用。如:Clothes dry slowly in the rainy season. 衣服在雨季不易干。Such clothes are very expensive. 那样的衣服很贵。If goods are not well made you should complain to the manufacturer. 如果货物质量不好,则理应向制造商提出控诉。
第四类
  形式为单数,意义也为单数这类集合名词包括baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(机器), poetry(诗), scenery(风景), scenery(), jewelry(珠宝), equipment(设备)等, 其用法特点为:是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词),没有复数形式。如:Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。<>Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有的行李都托运了吗?The thief stole all her jewelry. 小偷把她所有的首饰都偷走了。The hospital has no decent equipment. 这家医院没有像样的设备。The Tang Dynasty is thought of as the high summer of Chinese poetry. 人们认为唐朝是中国诗歌的全盛时期。注:machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相应的个体可数名词是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等。如:a poem / a piece of poetry 一首诗many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 许多机器
第五类
  补充几个常考的集合名词除上面提到的四类集合名词外,以下几个集合名词也应重点注意:   1. hair(头发,毛发)   指全部头发或毛发时,为集合名词(不可数);指几根头发或毛发时,为个体名词(可数)。如:My hair has grown very long. 我的头发已长得很长了。The police found two hairs there. 警察在那儿找到了两根头发。   2. mankind(人类)   人是一个不可数的集合名词,不用复数形式,也不连用冠词。如:This is an invention that benefits mankind. 这是一项造福人类的发明。Mankind has its own problems. 人类有自己的问题。注:mankind 表示“mankind 人(类)”时,虽不可数,但有时却可以表示复数意义,尤其是当其表语是复数时。如:Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的动物。   3. fruit(水果)   作为集合名词,它通常是不可数的。如:He doesn’t eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果。He is growing fruit in the country. 他在乡下种水果。但是,当要表示种类时,它可视为可数名词,即a fruit 指一种水果,fruits 指多种水果。比较:fruits Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚。The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. 土豆是一种蔬菜,而不是一种水果。
编辑本段主谓一致问题
  一、某些有生命的集合名词(表示人或者动物),本身有单/复数之分。其为单数时,若作主语,则谓语可用单数/复数。主要依据说话者强调的重点而定,若强调许多个体,谓语用复数;若强调一个整体,则用单数。其为复数时,不言而喻,谓语必须用复数。注意:此类名词单复数的意义并不完全相同,汉译时一定要当心。如army(一国之军队),armies(多国部队);couple(一对夫妇),couples(多对夫妇);等。常见的此类集合名词有:army,association,audience,band,board,cast,clan,class,clique,club,college,committee,company,community,congregation(教民,会众),council(市议会,理事会),couple,crew,crowd,enemy,family,firm,fleet,flock,folk,gang,government,group,jury,kingdom ,mob(暴民,暴徒),navy,opposition,orchestra,pack,pair,party,personnel,profession,population,staff,school,team,tribe(部落,部民), union,university等。   1.The staff is/are hardworking.   2.The audience were moved to tears.   3.The lecturer draws large audiences.   4.The whole school was punished.   5.The class consists of 40 students.   6.This class are diligent.   7.The whole profession fight tooth andnail against it.   8.One tenth of the population of Egypt is/are Christian.   二、某些有生命的集合名词,本身无复数形式,作主语时,谓语通常用复数。常见的此类集合名词有:cattle,clergy,faculty(教职工), herd,mankind,military,militia(民团、民兵), people,police,poultry(家禽),swine(猪),vermin,womankind等。   9.There are three people waving at us.   10.The police haven't arrived yet.   11.There are verm in here.   12.Some people are never satisfied.   13.The police/military have surrounded the building.   【注】people作民族讲时有复数形式。如: There are 56 peoples in China.   三、某些有生命的集合名词,本身无复数形式,其后可跟单/复数谓语动词。常见的此类集合名词有:aristocracy,bourgeoisie(资产阶级),church,elite(精英),gentry,intelligentsia(知识分子),laity(外行),livestock,majority,minority,proletariat(无产阶级),offspring,public,swarm,youth等。   14.The youth today is /are better off than we used to be.   15.Her offspring is /are like her in every respect.   16.The intelligentsia are hailing Ranson as their spokesman.   【注】youth除了作集合名词以外,还可以作可数和不可数名词。如:   Youth is the tim e for action;age is the tim e for repose.   Som e youths don't like jazz.   四、某些表示国家、公司、机构、运动队等名称的专有名词也可当作集合名词使用,其后通常跟单/复数谓语动词。常见的此类集合名词有:Arsenal,BBC,Congress,Krem lin, Liverpool,Macm illan,Netherlands,Parliament,Pentagon,Vatican(梵蒂冈),White House等。   17.Arsenal is /are playing well in this season.   18.Macmillan have /has made a good profit this year.   19.The Seventy-First Congress was predominantly Republican.   20.The Netherlands has /have a monarchy.   21.The BBC is showing the program on Saturday.   22.Liverpool is leading 1—0.   23.Liverpool are attacking again.   五、某些无生命的集合名词(表示物)作主语时,通常被看成不可数名词,谓语用单数。常见的此类集合名词有:aircraft,baggage, clothing,crockery,cutlery(刀剪,餐具),equipment,foliage(树叶),footwear,furniture,glassware,hardware,hosiery,jewellery,luggage,machinery,merchandize,poetry,pottery,silverware,stationery,underclothing,underwear,vegetation,weaponry等。   24.All the furniture in my room is new.   25.The merchandize has arrived undamaged.   26.There is not much vegetation in deserts.   27.The equipment for the factory hasbeen shipped.   28.Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates.   29.The machinery is driven by electrici-ty

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